碱性介质中二(碲酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇一乙醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中用分光光度法研究了二过碲酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子(DTC)氧化乙二醇一乙醚(EGE)的反应动力学及机理。反应速率表明:反应对DTC为准一级,对EGE为分数级;在保持准一级条件([EGE]》[DTC])下,表观速率常数随着OH^-浓度的增加而增大,随着TeO₄^2-浓度的增加而减小;有负的盐效应。据此提出了包括配离子和EGE形成络合物的前期平衡的反应机理,由假设反应机理推出的速率方程能很好的解释全部实验现象,进一步求得速控步的速率常数和活化     

Effect of Thiourea on the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Iron and the Transport of Hydrogen through a Steel Membrane in Solutions of C<Subscript>2</Subscript>H<Subscript>4</Subscript>(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-HCl

The effect of thiourea (0.5–10 mM) on the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at iron and the hydrogen transport through a steel membrane out of ethylene glycol (containing 2 and 10 wt % H₂O) and aqueous solutions containing HCl (0.1–0.99 M) with a constant ionic strength equal to unity is studied in parallel experiments. The presence of 0.5 mM of thiourea in the solutions raises the overvoltage of hydrogen evolution, while a subsequent increase in its concentration does not effect the HER kinetics. The dependence of the flux of hydrogen diffusion through the membrane on the thiourea content passes through a maximum.     

A novel method for the synthesis of the PEG-crosslinked chitosan with a pH-independent swelling behavior

In this study, a simple method was developed to crosslink chitosan using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights. Crosslinking of chitosan was confirmed by various spectral analyses. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study indicated that the rigid crystalline structure of chitosan was decreased after crosslinking with PEG. The PEG-crosslinked chitosan (PEG-Ch) showed a pH-independent swelling behavior: swelled in both the simulated stomach (pH 1.1) and intestinal (pH 7.4) solutions. The swelling ratio of PEG-Ch increased significantly with a higher molecular weight of PEG used. In contrast, chitosan dissolved completely in a simulated stomach solution and showed a comparatively less swelling in a simulated intestinal solution. Thus, the prepared PEG-Ch could be a better biomaterial than chitosan in the development of orally sustained drug-delivery devices.     

Synthesis and characterisation of advanced UHMWPE/silver nanocomposites for biomedical applications

A supercritical fluid (SCF) route for facile and homogeneous introduction of silver nanoparticles into polymer hosts is described. Our focus is on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). We demonstrate that the metallic nanoparticles have a substantial effect upon the wear and tribochemical properties of the polymer substrate.     

聚乙二醇对纳米二氧化钛性质和应用的影响

二氧化钛纳米晶光催化材料是近年来发展起来的新型环境友好材料,国内外研究者在利用二氧化钛纳米晶光催化降解苯酚、氯酚、甲醛等污染物方面做了大量的研究工作。研究表明TiO2的3种晶型,锐钛矿型、金红石型和板钛矿型中,有光催化作用的主要是锐钛型和金红石型,其晶型和晶粒大小     

双水相萃取法分离铍(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)与铁(Ⅱ)、铬(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)、铝(Ⅲ)

研究了在聚乙二醇2000(PEG)-硫酸钠(Na2SO4)-邻苯二酚紫(PV)体系中铍(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)、铁(Ⅱ)、铝(Ⅲ)、铬(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)的萃取行为。试验结果表明,铍(Ⅱ)在pH 3.5-7.0及铁(Ⅲ)在pH 4.0-7.0范围内可以被PEG相几乎完全萃取,而铝(Ⅲ)、铬(Ⅲ)在pH 1.0-7.0、锰(Ⅱ)在pH 1.0-4.5、铁(Ⅱ)在pH 1.0-4.5则不被萃取。从而实现了将铍(Ⅱ)(pH 3.5)、铁(Ⅲ)(pH 5.0)与铝(Ⅲ)、铬(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)混合离子的定量分离。同时探讨了PEG相的萃取机理。     

LC Determination of Propylene Glycol in Human Plasma After Pre-Column Derivatization with Benzoyl Chloride

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using photodiode array detection was developed for the determination of propylene glycol in human plasma and in the fluid retreived after continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. The method entailed alkaline derivatization with benzoyl chloride and ethylene glycol as internal standard. The separation of the compounds, after extraction with pentane, was carried out on a Pursuit C8 column with UV-detection at 230 nm. Validation samples were analyzed with an accuracy between 95 and 105%, and intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation of less than 8%. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 5–100 mg L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 1 mg L⁻¹. Blood plasma samples of several patients were analysed by using the prescribed method with propylene glycol concentrations varying from 5 to 98 mg L⁻¹. Compared to previously described LC methods, this method is ten times more sensitive and thus suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies of propylene glycol.     

HPLC and GC Methods for Determination of Lubricants and Their Evaluation in Analysis of Real Samples of Polyethylene

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are introduced for analysis of polymer lubricants (stearamide, oleamide and erucamide). In the HPLC method, a reverse phase octadecylsilane (ODS) column along with acetonitrile/methanol (60:40) as a mobile phase were used. Detection of analytes was performed by a UV detector at 202 nm. The analysis time was less than 8 min. In the GC method, polar capillary column and flame ionization detector (FID) were used for separations and detection, respectively. The analysis time by GC was longer than HPLC and was about 30 min. Limits of detection, linear range and repeatability of both methods are similar, but determination of oleamide in real samples by HPLC method is difficult due to complexity of the initial part of HPLC chromatogram in polyethylene samples. That problem is not observed in the GC method. Detection limits in both methods for all analytes are lower than 0.003% which are much lower than the amount of lubricants in commercial polymers (0.05–0.2%).     

A fast procedure to immobilize polyethylene glycols in glass capillary columns

Polyethylene glycols can be immobilized in glass capillary columns by a new procedure involving covering the glass walls with a layer of graphitized carbon black and by flowing a mixture of the stationary phase and dicumyl peroxide. After curing and conditioning the column is ready for use. Excellent performance is reported for Carbowax 20 M and high molecular weight glycols. For other glycols the immobilized layer is less stable and can be washed out.